TY - JOUR ID - 173557 TI - LIABILITY ARISING FROM INTERNATIONAL DISPUTES OF AN ELECTRONIC NATURE Quoted JO - Journal of college of Law for Legal and Political Sciences JA - LLPS LA - en SN - 2226-4582 AU - Al-Mafraji, Salwa Ahmed AU - Al-Mafraji, Iyad Khalaf Muhammad AD - Y1 - 2021 PY - 2021 VL - 10 IS - Issue 39 part 1 SP - 544 EP - 581 KW - responsibility KW - electronic KW - international DO - N2 - Globalization and a revolution of information and modern communications technology have left a new arena in international relations, And a new, open and unrestrained field of contemporary warfare, Especially as we have become in an era in which States manage their vital and dangerous affairs and Institutions through the these means and tools, Which enables any state, organization or even individuals to use the means produced by this revolution in the management of their international disputes, Which resulted in so-called "International Disputes Of An Electronic Nature", which placed States in particular and the international community in general In the face of one fact: the need to intensify its efforts and unite its ranks in order to confront these new threats And to limit its use as one of the methods of managing its international disputes Because of the seriousness of the consequences that might result, especially if terrorism used these means to target vital international facilities Causing serious consequences such as causing significant damage to the information infrastructure and software operating systems for control and supervision that control the production processes or related to transport and traffic in airports Nuclear power reactors or associated with the production and distribution of water, electricity, dams, communications, financial and banking services and other vital civilian or military facilities that may endanger international peace and security. UR - https://jclaps.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_173557.html L1 - https://jclaps.uokirkuk.edu.iq/article_173557_006e768ddfa617d280deff6f988268c0.pdf ER -